mcap/modules/Screen_Record/wgc_source.jai

// Windows.Graphics.Capture: the screen as Windows' own capture API hands it over, for when Desktop
// Duplication cannot run (dxgi_source.jai). It works across GPUs, hands over frames the right way up
// on a rotated screen, and draws the cursor in itself.
//
// It is WinRT, bound here by hand: the few interfaces it needs, as vtables after IInspectable's six
// methods. Everything is made and used on the capture thread, which is in the multithreaded apartment
// (RoInitialize), with a free-threaded frame pool, so no dispatcher queue or message loop is needed.
//
// A frame's arrival sets an event, through a small handler object (Frame_Handler); if Windows will not
// take the handler, the pool is polled every millisecond instead. Windows 11 lets the yellow border it
// draws around a screen being captured be turned off (IsBorderRequired); Windows 10 always draws it.

Wgc_Source :: struct {
  #as using gpu: Capture_Gpu;
  screen_size: Size_Int32;          // the frames' size, as the pool was made for
  item: *Capture_Item;
  winrt_device: *IInspectable;      // IDirect3DDevice, over gpu.device
  pool: *Frame_Pool;
  session: *Capture_Session;
  handler: Frame_Handler;
  handler_token: s64;
  polling: bool;                    // Windows would not take the handler
  border: string;                   // what came of turning the border off, for the log
}

// Starts capturing the screen. region is in the screen's pixels and lies on it.
wgc_open :: (s: *Wgc_Source, screen: Record_Screen, region: RECT, cursor: bool, testing: Record_Testing = 0) -> ok: bool, error: string {
  ok, error := gpu_open(s, screen, region);
  if !ok  return false, error;

  session_statics: *Session_Statics;
  hr := activation_factory("Windows.Graphics.Capture.GraphicsCaptureSession", IID_SESSION_STATICS, xx *session_statics);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("Windows.Graphics.Capture is not on this system", hr);
  supported: u8;
  session_statics.vtable.IsSupported(session_statics, *supported);
  com_release(*session_statics);
  if !supported  return false, "Windows.Graphics.Capture is not supported here";

  interop: *Capture_Item_Interop;
  hr = activation_factory("Windows.Graphics.Capture.GraphicsCaptureItem", IID_ITEM_INTEROP, xx *interop);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("IGraphicsCaptureItemInterop", hr);
  hr = interop.vtable.CreateForMonitor(interop, screen.monitor, *IID_ITEM, xx *s.item);
  com_release(*interop);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("a capture item for the screen", hr);
  s.item.vtable.get_Size(s.item, *s.screen_size);
  desktop_width  := screen.desktop.right - screen.desktop.left;
  desktop_height := screen.desktop.bottom - screen.desktop.top;
  if s.screen_size.width != desktop_width || s.screen_size.height != desktop_height {
    return false, tprint("the screen is % x %, but this process sees it as % x %: it must be aware of each monitor's DPI",
                         s.screen_size.width, s.screen_size.height, desktop_width, desktop_height);
  }

  dxgi_device: *IDXGIDevice;
  hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(s.device, *uid(IDXGIDevice_UUID), xx *dxgi_device);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("the device's IDXGIDevice", hr);
  inspectable: *IInspectable;
  hr = CreateDirect3D11DeviceFromDXGIDevice(dxgi_device, *inspectable);
  com_release(*dxgi_device);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("CreateDirect3D11DeviceFromDXGIDevice", hr);
  hr = inspectable.vtable.QueryInterface(inspectable, *IID_DIRECT3D_DEVICE, xx *s.winrt_device);
  com_release(*inspectable);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("the device as IDirect3DDevice", hr);

  pool_statics: *Frame_Pool_Statics2;
  hr = activation_factory("Windows.Graphics.Capture.Direct3D11CaptureFramePool", IID_POOL_STATICS2, xx *pool_statics);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("Direct3D11CaptureFramePool's statics", hr);
  hr = pool_statics.vtable.CreateFreeThreaded(pool_statics, s.winrt_device, PIXEL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8, POOL_BUFFERS, size_packed(s.screen_size), *s.pool);
  com_release(*pool_statics);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("a free-threaded frame pool", hr);
  hr = s.pool.vtable.CreateCaptureSession(s.pool, s.item, *s.session);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("a capture session", hr);

  // The cursor (Windows 10 2004 on) and the border (Windows 11): optional, by what the system has.
  session2: *Capture_Session2;
  if SUCCEEDED(s.session.vtable.QueryInterface(s.session, *IID_SESSION2, xx *session2)) {
    session2.vtable.put_IsCursorCaptureEnabled(session2, xx cursor);
    com_release(*session2);
  }
  session3: *Capture_Session3;
  if testing & .KEEP_BORDER {
    s.border = "border left on";
  } else if SUCCEEDED(s.session.vtable.QueryInterface(s.session, *IID_SESSION3, xx *session3)) {
    hr = session3.vtable.put_IsBorderRequired(session3, 0);
    s.border = ifx SUCCEEDED(hr) then "border off" else hresult_text("the border could not be turned off", hr);
    com_release(*session3);
  } else {
    s.border = "border always drawn (no IGraphicsCaptureSession3: Windows 10)";
  }

  s.handler.vtable = *frame_handler_vtable;
  s.handler.event = CreateEventW(null, 0, 0, null);
  hr = ifx testing & .WGC_POLL then cast,no_check(HRESULT) 0x80004002 else s.pool.vtable.add_FrameArrived(s.pool, *s.handler, *s.handler_token);
  if FAILED(hr) {
    s.polling = true;
    timeBeginPeriod(1);   // so polling every millisecond is every millisecond
    log("[record] FrameArrived would not take the handler (%); polling the frame pool.", hresult_text("add_FrameArrived", hr));
  }

  hr = s.session.vtable.StartCapture(s.session);
  if FAILED(hr)  return false, hresult_text("StartCapture", hr);
  return true, "";
}

// Waits up to timeout_ms for a new frame; the newest's region goes into s.latest.
wgc_next :: (s: *Wgc_Source, timeout_ms: u32) -> Capture_Next, error: string {
  frame := wgc_take_newest(s);
  if !frame {
    if s.polling {
      start := ticks_now();
      frequency: LARGE_INTEGER;
      QueryPerformanceFrequency(*frequency);
      while !frame && (ticks_now() - start) * 1000 / frequency.QuadPart < timeout_ms {
        sleep_milliseconds(1);
        frame = wgc_take_newest(s);
      }
    } else {
      WaitForSingleObject(s.handler.event, timeout_ms);
      frame = wgc_take_newest(s);
    }
  }
  if !frame  return .NONE, "";
  defer close_and_release(frame);

  // The screen changed size (a new resolution): the pool is made again; the region must still fit.
  size: Size_Int32;
  frame.vtable.get_ContentSize(frame, *size);
  if size.width != s.screen_size.width || size.height != s.screen_size.height {
    s.screen_size = size;
    hr := s.pool.vtable.Recreate(s.pool, s.winrt_device, PIXEL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8, POOL_BUFFERS, size_packed(size));
    if FAILED(hr)  return .FAILED, hresult_text("the frame pool could not be made again", hr);
    if cast(s32) s.box.right > size.width || cast(s32) s.box.bottom > size.height
      return .FAILED, tprint("the screen is now % x %, and the region is not on it", size.width, size.height);
    return .NONE, "";
  }

  surface: *IInspectable;
  hr := frame.vtable.get_Surface(frame, *surface);
  if FAILED(hr)  return .FAILED, hresult_text("the frame's surface", hr);
  defer com_release(*surface);
  access: *Dxgi_Interface_Access;
  hr = surface.vtable.QueryInterface(surface, *IID_DXGI_INTERFACE_ACCESS, xx *access);
  if FAILED(hr)  return .FAILED, hresult_text("the surface's IDirect3DDxgiInterfaceAccess", hr);
  defer com_release(*access);
  texture: *ID3D11Texture2D;
  hr = access.vtable.GetInterface(access, *uid(ID3D11Texture2D_UUID), xx *texture);
  if FAILED(hr)  return .FAILED, hresult_text("the surface's texture", hr);
  gpu_copy_region(s, texture);
  IUnknown_Release(texture);
  return .IMAGE, "";
}

wgc_close :: (s: *Wgc_Source) {
  if s.pool && s.handler_token  s.pool.vtable.remove_FrameArrived(s.pool, s.handler_token);
  if s.session  close_and_release(s.session);
  if s.pool     close_and_release(s.pool);
  s.session, s.pool = null, null;
  com_release(*s.item);
  com_release(*s.winrt_device);
  if s.handler.event  CloseHandle(s.handler.event);
  if s.polling  timeEndPeriod(1);
  gpu_close(s);
  s.* = .{};
}

// The thread's apartment: WinRT on this thread from here on.
wgc_thread_start :: () -> ok: bool {
  if !winrt_load()  return false;
  return SUCCEEDED(winrt.RoInitialize(RO_INIT_MULTITHREADED));
}

wgc_thread_end :: () {
  if winrt.RoUninitialize  winrt.RoUninitialize();
}

#scope_file

POOL_BUFFERS             :: 2;
PIXEL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8    :: 87;   // DirectXPixelFormat.B8G8R8A8UIntNormalized
RO_INIT_MULTITHREADED    :: 1;

// The pool's newest frame, the older ones let go; null when there is none.
wgc_take_newest :: (s: *Wgc_Source) -> *Capture_Frame {
  newest: *Capture_Frame;
  while true {
    frame: *Capture_Frame;
    if FAILED(s.pool.vtable.TryGetNextFrame(s.pool, *frame)) || !frame  break;
    if newest  close_and_release(newest);
    newest = frame;
  }
  return newest;
}

// IClosable.Close, which hands a frame back to the pool at once, then Release.
close_and_release :: (object: *$T) {
  closable: *Closable;
  if SUCCEEDED(object.vtable.QueryInterface(object, *IID_CLOSABLE, xx *closable)) {
    closable.vtable.Close(closable);
    closable.vtable.Release(closable);
  }
  object.vtable.Release(object);
}

activation_factory :: (class_name: string, iid: GUID, factory: **void) -> HRESULT {
  wide := utf8_to_wide(class_name,, temp);
  length: u32;
  while wide[length]  length += 1;
  name: HSTRING;
  if !winrt.loaded  return cast,no_check(HRESULT) 0x80004001;   // E_NOTIMPL: no WinRT on this system
  hr := winrt.WindowsCreateString(wide, length, *name);
  if FAILED(hr)  return hr;
  defer winrt.WindowsDeleteString(name);
  iid_copy := iid;
  return winrt.RoGetActivationFactory(name, *iid_copy, factory);
}

size_packed :: (size: Size_Int32) -> u64 {   // SizeInt32 by value: 8 bytes, in one register
  width  := cast(u64) cast,no_check(u32) size.width;
  height := cast(u64) cast,no_check(u32) size.height;
  return width | (height << 32);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------- the FrameArrived handler

// TypedEventHandler<Direct3D11CaptureFramePool, Object>: a COM object of our own whose Invoke sets an
// event. It lives in the Wgc_Source and is never freed by its count; it is unregistered first.
Frame_Handler :: struct {
  vtable: *Frame_Handler_VTable;
  event: HANDLE;
}

Frame_Handler_VTable :: struct {
  QueryInterface: (this: *Frame_Handler, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  AddRef:         (this: *Frame_Handler) -> u32 #c_call;
  Release:        (this: *Frame_Handler) -> u32 #c_call;
  Invoke:         (this: *Frame_Handler, sender: *void, args: *void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}

frame_handler_vtable := Frame_Handler_VTable.{handler_query, handler_add_ref, handler_release, handler_invoke};

handler_query :: (this: *Frame_Handler, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call {
  if guid_equal(iid, *IID_UNKNOWN) || guid_equal(iid, *IID_AGILE_OBJECT) || guid_equal(iid, *IID_FRAME_ARRIVED_HANDLER) {
    out.* = this;
    return 0;
  }
  out.* = null;
  return cast,no_check(HRESULT) 0x80004002;   // E_NOINTERFACE
}

handler_add_ref :: (this: *Frame_Handler) -> u32 #c_call { return 1; }
handler_release :: (this: *Frame_Handler) -> u32 #c_call { return 1; }

handler_invoke :: (this: *Frame_Handler, sender: *void, args: *void) -> HRESULT #c_call {
  SetEvent(this.event);
  return 0;
}

guid_equal :: (a: *GUID, b: *GUID) -> bool #c_call {
  if a.Data1 != b.Data1 || a.Data2 != b.Data2 || a.Data3 != b.Data3  return false;
  for 0..7  if a.Data4[it] != b.Data4[it]  return false;
  return true;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------- bindings

d3d11_dll  :: #library,system "d3d11";
kernel32_dll :: #library,system "kernel32";

HSTRING :: *void;

// WinRT's own calls, from combase.dll at run time: its import library is runtimeobject.lib, which
// names no DLL of its own for #library to find.
winrt: struct {
  loaded: bool;
  RoInitialize:           (init_type: s32) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  RoUninitialize:         () #c_call;
  RoGetActivationFactory: (class_id: HSTRING, iid: *GUID, factory: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  WindowsCreateString:    (source: *u16, length: u32, out: *HSTRING) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  WindowsDeleteString:    (text: HSTRING) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}

winrt_load :: () -> bool {
  if winrt.loaded  return true;
  library := LoadLibraryW(utf8_to_wide("combase.dll",, temp));
  if !library  return false;
  winrt.RoInitialize           = xx GetProcAddress(library, "RoInitialize");
  winrt.RoUninitialize         = xx GetProcAddress(library, "RoUninitialize");
  winrt.RoGetActivationFactory = xx GetProcAddress(library, "RoGetActivationFactory");
  winrt.WindowsCreateString    = xx GetProcAddress(library, "WindowsCreateString");
  winrt.WindowsDeleteString    = xx GetProcAddress(library, "WindowsDeleteString");
  winrt.loaded = winrt.RoInitialize && winrt.RoUninitialize && winrt.RoGetActivationFactory && winrt.WindowsCreateString && winrt.WindowsDeleteString;
  return winrt.loaded;
}
CreateDirect3D11DeviceFromDXGIDevice :: (device: *IDXGIDevice, out: **IInspectable) -> HRESULT #foreign d3d11_dll;
SetEvent               :: (event: HANDLE) -> s32 #foreign kernel32_dll;

Size_Int32 :: struct { width, height: s32; }

IID_UNKNOWN                := #run guid("00000000-0000-0000-C000-000000000046");
IID_AGILE_OBJECT           := #run guid("94ea2b94-e9cc-49e0-c0ff-ee64ca8f5b90");
IID_FRAME_ARRIVED_HANDLER  := #run guid("51a947f7-79cf-5a3e-a3a5-1289cfa6dfe8");   // TypedEventHandler<Direct3D11CaptureFramePool, Object>
IID_ITEM_INTEROP           := #run guid("3628E81B-3CAC-4C60-B7F4-23CE0E0C3356");
IID_ITEM                   := #run guid("79C3F95B-31F7-4EC2-A464-632EF5D30760");
IID_SESSION_STATICS        := #run guid("2224A540-5974-49AA-B232-0882536F4CB5");
IID_SESSION2               := #run guid("2C39AE40-7D2E-5044-804E-8B6799D4CF9E");
IID_SESSION3               := #run guid("F2CDD966-22AE-5EA1-9596-3A289344C3BE");
IID_POOL_STATICS2          := #run guid("589B103F-6BBC-5DF5-A991-02E28B3B66D5");
IID_DIRECT3D_DEVICE        := #run guid("A37624AB-8D5F-4650-9D3E-9EAE3D9BC670");
IID_DXGI_INTERFACE_ACCESS  := #run guid("A9B3D012-3DF2-4EE3-B8D1-8695F457D3C1");
IID_CLOSABLE               := #run guid("30D5A829-7FA4-4026-83BB-D75BAE4EA99E");

guid :: (text: string) -> GUID {
  hex :: (s: string) -> u64 {
    value: u64;
    for 0..s.count - 1 {
      c := s[it];
      digit: u64 = ifx c >= #char "a" then cast(u64) (c - #char "a" + 10) else ifx c >= #char "A" then cast(u64) (c - #char "A" + 10) else cast(u64) (c - #char "0");
      value = value * 16 + digit;
    }
    return value;
  }
  g: GUID;
  g.Data1 = cast(u32) hex(slice(text, 0, 8));
  g.Data2 = cast(u16) hex(slice(text, 9, 4));
  g.Data3 = cast(u16) hex(slice(text, 14, 4));
  for 0..1  g.Data4[it]     = cast(u8) hex(slice(text, 19 + it * 2, 2));
  for 0..5  g.Data4[it + 2] = cast(u8) hex(slice(text, 24 + it * 2, 2));
  return g;
}

// IUnknown, then IInspectable's three: every WinRT interface starts so.
Inspectable_Methods :: struct {
  QueryInterface:      (this: *void, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  AddRef:              (this: *void) -> u32 #c_call;
  Release:             (this: *void) -> u32 #c_call;
  GetIids:             *void;
  GetRuntimeClassName: *void;
  GetTrustLevel:       *void;
}

IInspectable :: struct { vtable: *Inspectable_Methods; }

Closable :: struct { vtable: *struct { using base: Inspectable_Methods; Close: (this: *Closable) -> HRESULT #c_call; }; }

Session_Statics :: struct { vtable: *struct { using base: Inspectable_Methods; IsSupported: (this: *Session_Statics, out: *u8) -> HRESULT #c_call; }; }

Capture_Item_Interop :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  QueryInterface:   (this: *void, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  AddRef:           (this: *void) -> u32 #c_call;
  Release:          (this: *void) -> u32 #c_call;
  CreateForWindow:  (this: *Capture_Item_Interop, window: HWND, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  CreateForMonitor: (this: *Capture_Item_Interop, monitor: HMONITOR, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}; }

Capture_Item :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  using base: Inspectable_Methods;
  get_DisplayName: *void;
  get_Size:        (this: *Capture_Item, out: *Size_Int32) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  add_Closed:      *void;
  remove_Closed:   *void;
}; }

Frame_Pool_Statics2 :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  using base: Inspectable_Methods;
  CreateFreeThreaded: (this: *Frame_Pool_Statics2, device: *IInspectable, format: s32, buffers: s32, size: u64, out: **Frame_Pool) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}; }

Frame_Pool :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  using base: Inspectable_Methods;
  Recreate:             (this: *Frame_Pool, device: *IInspectable, format: s32, buffers: s32, size: u64) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  TryGetNextFrame:      (this: *Frame_Pool, out: **Capture_Frame) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  add_FrameArrived:     (this: *Frame_Pool, handler: *Frame_Handler, token: *s64) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  remove_FrameArrived:  (this: *Frame_Pool, token: s64) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  CreateCaptureSession: (this: *Frame_Pool, item: *Capture_Item, out: **Capture_Session) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  get_DispatcherQueue:  *void;
}; }

Capture_Frame :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  using base: Inspectable_Methods;
  get_Surface:            (this: *Capture_Frame, out: **IInspectable) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  get_SystemRelativeTime: (this: *Capture_Frame, out: *s64) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  get_ContentSize:        (this: *Capture_Frame, out: *Size_Int32) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}; }

Capture_Session :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  using base: Inspectable_Methods;
  StartCapture: (this: *Capture_Session) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}; }

Capture_Session2 :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  using base: Inspectable_Methods;
  get_IsCursorCaptureEnabled: (this: *Capture_Session2, out: *u8) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  put_IsCursorCaptureEnabled: (this: *Capture_Session2, value: u8) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}; }

Capture_Session3 :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  using base: Inspectable_Methods;
  get_IsBorderRequired: (this: *Capture_Session3, out: *u8) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  put_IsBorderRequired: (this: *Capture_Session3, value: u8) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}; }

Dxgi_Interface_Access :: struct { vtable: *struct {
  QueryInterface: (this: *void, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
  AddRef:         (this: *void) -> u32 #c_call;
  Release:        (this: *void) -> u32 #c_call;
  GetInterface:   (this: *Dxgi_Interface_Access, iid: *GUID, out: **void) -> HRESULT #c_call;
}; }